Root perforation results in communication between pulp and periodontal space. Connection of these two spaces facilitates free movement of microorganisms, iritants and spreading the infection from one space to another. Root perforation can occur as a result of an operative procedural accident or pathological alteration (such as extensive dental caries, and external or internal inflammatory root resorption). It is one of frequent complications of endodontic therapy, the incidence varies from 3% to 10% and it is considered second most frequent cause of an endodontic failure. Setting a diagnosis is based on a comprehensive history, clinical examination, and analysis od radiographic images. Therapy of root perforation can be carried out conservatively or surgically. Conservative therapy consists of covering perforation using material, followed by endodontic therapy of root canals. Surgical therapy requires the lifting of a mucoperiostal flap demonstrating the location of the perforation. The perforation is then sealed with apropriate material. Orthograde or retrograde filling of root canals is required beforehand. Surgical care of root perforations is the domain of corrective surgery. The aim of surgery is to repair the inflammation created around the site of perforation, to prevent further progression of the infection, and to restore the continuity of the root wall. Nowadays, materials used for 29 covering perforations tend to achieve properties such as biocompatibility, good adhesion, and insolubility in tissue fluids. The purpose of the overlay is to hermetically seal the defect, prevent leakage of tissue fluids, and provide a favorable environment for tissue healing.