| Abstract | Hipotireoza, stanje štitne žlijezde sa smanjenom proizvodnjom hormona neophodnih za normalno funkcioniranje tijela, može uzrokovati niz simptoma kao što su umor, osjećaj hladnoće, debljanje, depresija i suha koža. Hipotireoza se može dijagnosticirati različitim testovima krvi koji mjere razine hormona štitnjače i hormona hipofize tireotropina (TSH). S druge strane, kod hipertireoze dolazi do prekomjernog lučenja hormona štitne žlijezde. To može dovesti do simptoma poput ubrzanog rada srca, gubitka tjelesne težine, nervoze i tremora. Hipertireoza se također može dijagnosticirati testovima krvi koji mjere razine hormona štitnjače i TSH-a. Obe ove bolesti štitnjače mogu imati različite uzroke, uključujući autoimunosne bolesti, probleme s prehranom, tumore štitnjače ili nepravilnu funkciju hipofize. Liječenje ovisi o uzroku poremećaja, ali može uključivati lijekove, kirurgiju ili terapiju zračenjem. Oralne manifestacije hipotireoze i hipertireoze su često zanemareni simptomi ovih poremećaja štitnjače. Hipotireoza može uzrokovati suhoću usne šupljine, gingivitis, povećani rizik za razvoj karijesa te otečenost usta i jezika, dok hipertireoza može uzrokovati krvarenje gingive, osjećaj pečenja u ustima, kserostomiju i osteoporozu čeljusti. Rano prepoznavanje i liječenje ovih oralnih manifestacija može spriječiti daljnje oštećenje usne šupljine i zuba. Doktori dentalne medicine i liječnici trebaju obavljati temeljit pregled usne šupljine kod osoba s hipotireozom ili hipertireozom, pratiti razinu hormona štitnjače i kontrolirati simptome poremećaja štitnjače kako bi se spriječile komplikacije. Liječenje osnovnog poremećaja štitnjače je ključno, dok dodatne terapije poput upotrebe sredstava za ispiranje usta i protuupalnih gelova mogu pomoći u ublažavanju simptoma u usnoj šupljini. |
| Abstract (english) | A condition known as hypothyroidism, in which the thyroid gland doesn’t generate enough hormones that are necessary for the body's regular functioning, can cause a variety of symptoms such as weariness, cold sensation, weight gain, depression and dry skin. Hypothyroidism can be identified with various blood examinations that gauge levels of thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone. On the other hand, the overproduction of hormone by the thyroid gland is known as hyperthyroidism. This may results in signs like rapid heart rate, weight loss, nervousness and tremors. Hyperthyroidism can also be diagnosed with the analysis of blood. Both of these diseases can have different causes, including autoimmune diseases, nutritional problems, thyroid tumors, or improper pituitary gland function. Depending on the disorder's underlying etiology, treatment options include surgery, medication or radiation therapy. Oral manifestations of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are often overlooked symptoms of these thyroid disorders. Hypothyroidism can cause dry mouth, bleeding gums, increased sensitivity to tooth decay and swelling of the mouth, while hyperthyroidism can cause bleeding gums, burning sensation in the mouth, dry mouth, and osteoporosis of the jaw. Early recognition and treatment of these oral manifestations can prevent further damage to the oral cavity and teeth. Dentists and doctors should perform a thorough examination of the oral cavity in people with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, monitor thyroid hormone levels, and control symptoms of thyroid disorders to prevent complications. Treating the underlying thyroid disorder is key, while additional therapies such as mouthwashes and anti-inflammatory gels can help relieve oral symptoms. |
